SITE EXCAVATION The first subcontractor on a construction site is the excavator. His job is an important one. Proper footings depend on his ability to remove the soil to an accurate depth and to disturb the subgrade as little as possible. All footing subgrades should be thoroughly compacted whether fill is used or not. Too …
Popouts Popouts are caused by unsound coarse aggregate particles near the surface of the concrete. These particles readily absorb water, and under freezing conditions, they expand and destruct, popping off the thin surface layer of mortar above. The resultant hole is a perfect spot to hold water which can freeze in cold weather and cause …
CONCRETE REPLACEMENTThe complete replacement of faulty concrete should always be a last consideration. Although there are still occasions where removal is necessary, such as an old, badly broken sidewalk, for example, most concrete structures are rarely beyond repair. Because of the more recent introduction of specialized repair products and their methods of application, problem concrete …
The removal of surface stains can be a simple process or a complex one depending on the nature of the stain. Except for the detraction from the appearance of the surface, many stains are harmless to the concrete and will remain so. There are a few (such as acid stains, for example) that, if left …
